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Braces
Braces { } indicate the start and end of a compound statement:
if (d == z) {
++x;
func();
}
The closing brace serves as a terminator for the compound statement, so a semi-
colon is not required after the }, except in structure declarations. Often, the semi-
colon is illegal, as in
if (statement)
{ ... }; /* illegal semicolon! */
else
{ ... };
For more information, refer to Compound Statements.
Comma
The comma (,) separates the elements of a function argument list:
void func(int n, float f, char ch);
The comma is also used as an operator in comma expressions. Mixing the two
uses of comma is legal, but you must use parentheses to distinguish them. Note
that (
exp1, exp2) evalutates both but is equal to the second:
/* call func with two args */
func(i, j);
/* also calls func with two args! */
func((exp1, exp2), (exp3, exp4, exp5));
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mikroC
- C Compiler for Microchip PIC microcontrollers
mikroC
making it simple...
- Making it simple 1
- Reader’s note 2
- Table of Contents 3
- QUICK OVERVIEW 9
- CODE EDITOR 11
- Comment / 13
- Uncomment Icon 13
- CODE EXPLORER 14
- DEBUGGER 15
- Watch Window 16
- ERROR WINDOW 19
- STATISTICS 20
- INTEGRATED TOOLS 23
- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS 26
- Building 29
- Applications 29
- PROJECTS 30
- SOURCE FILES 31
- New File 32
- Open File Icon 33
- Print File Icon 33
- Save File Icon 33
- Save File As 33
- Close File 33
- COMPILATION 34
- ERROR MESSAGES 35
- Compiler Warning Messages 36
- Reference 37
- PIC SPECIFICS 38
- PIC16 Specifics 39
- ANSI Standard Issues 40
- Accessing Individual Bits 41
- Interrupts 42
- Linker Directives 43
- LEXICAL ELEMENTS 44
- Comments 45
- CONSTANTS 47
- Floating Point Constants 49
- Character Constants 50
- String Constants 52
- Enumeration Constants 53
- Pointer Constants 53
- Constant Expressions 53
- KEYWORDS 54
- IDENTIFIERS 55
- PUNCTUATORS 56
- /* call func with two args */ 57
- Semicolon 58
- Equal Sign 59
- OBJECTS AND LVALUES 60
- SCOPE AND VISIBILITY 62
- Visibility 63
- NAME SPACES 64
- DURATION 65
- Type Categories 67
- FUNDAMENTAL TYPES 68
- Enumerations 70
- Void Type 72
- DERIVED TYPES 73
- Pointers 76
- /* is same as: */ 77
- Pointer Arithmetic 78
- // so a[3] now equals 6 80
- Structures 82
- // incomplete 83
- // direct access to member m 85
- // identical to (*ps).m 85
- Bit Fields 88
- // Relevant bits 2, 3, and 4 89
- TYPES CONVERSIONS 90
- DECLARATIONS 93
- // No size 96
- // Supply size and initialize 96
- // Add member declarators 96
- Storage Classes 97
- Type Qualifiers 99
- Typedef Specifier 100
- // just a test 101
- Initialization 102
- FUNCTIONS 103
- Function Prototypes 104
- Function Definition 105
- Function Calls 106
- Argument Conversions 106
- // prototype 107
- // function call 107
- OPERATORS 108
- Arithmetic Operators 110
- Relational Operators 112
- Bitwise Operators 113
- Logical Operators 115
- /* equals 000000 */ 116
- /* equals 1 */ 116
- /* equals 0xEDCB */ 116
- /* equals 0 */ 116
- Conditional Operator ? : 117
- Assignment Operators 118
- Sizeof Operator 120
- EXPRESSIONS 121
- STATEMENTS 123
- Expression Statements 124
- Selection Statements 124
- Iteration Statements 127
- ;) for a loop body 129
- Jump Statements 130
- /* error handling code */ 131
- Compound Statements (Blocks) 132
- PREPROCESSOR 133
- #define MACRO 135
- Macros with Parameters 136
- Undefining Macros 137
- File Inclusion 138
- Preprocessor Operators 139
- Conditional Compilation 140
- BUILT-IN ROUTINES 144
- Delay_Cyc 145
- Clock_Khz 145
- Vdelay_ms 145
- LIBRARY ROUTINES 146
- ADC Library 147
- Library Example 148
- Hardware Connection 148
- CAN Library 149
- CANSetOperationMode 150
- CANGetOperationMode 150
- CANInitialize 151
- CANSetBaudRate 152
- CANSetMask 153
- CANSetFilter 153
- CANWrite 154
- CAN Constants 155
- CANSPI Library 161
- CANSPISetOperationMode 162
- CANSPIGetOperationMode 162
- CANSPIInitialize 163
- CANSPISetBaudRate 164
- CANSPISetMask 165
- CANSPISetFilter 165
- CANSPIRead 166
- CANSPIWrite 166
- Compact Flash Library 170
- Cf_Total_Size 171
- Cf_Detect 171
- Cf_Enable 172
- Cf_Read_Init 172
- Cf_Disable 172
- Cf_Read_Byte 173
- Cf_Write_Init 173
- Cf_Read_Word 173
- Cf_Write_Byte 174
- Cf_Write_Word 174
- Cf_Find_File 174
- Cf_File_Write_Byte 175
- Cf_Read_Sector 175
- Cf_File_Write_Init 175
- Cf_File_Write_Complete 176
- Cf_Write_Sector 176
- Cf_Set_File_Date 176
- Compact Flash Connector 179
- (TOP VIEW) 179
- Compact Flash Card 179
- PIC16F877A 179
- EEPROM Library 180
- Eeprom_Read 181
- Ethernet Library 182
- Eth_Init 183
- Eth_Set_Ip_Address 183
- Eth_Scan_For_Event 184
- Eth_Set_Inport 184
- Eth_Load_Ip_Packet 185
- Eth_Get_Ip_Hdr_Len 185
- Eth_Get_Dest_Ip_Address 186
- Eth_Get_Hdr_Chksum 186
- Eth_Get_Source_Ip_Address 186
- Eth_Ping_Response 187
- Eth_Get_Icmp_Info 187
- Eth_Arp_Response 187
- Eth_Get_Udp_Dest_Port 188
- Eth_Get_Udp_Source_Port 188
- Eth_Set_Udp_Port 189
- Eth_Get_Udp_Port 189
- Eth_Load_Tcp_Header 190
- Eth_Send_Udp 190
- Eth_Get_Tcp_Flags 191
- Eth_Get_Tcp_Hdr_Offset 191
- Eth_Tcp_Response 192
- Eth_Set_Tcp_Data 192
- RTL8019AS 193
- Flash Memory Library 194
- I2C Library 196
- I2C_Start 197
- I2C_Repeated_Start 197
- I2C_Is_Idle 197
- I2C_Stop 198
- HW Connection 200
- Keypad Library 201
- Keypad_Released 202
- LCD Library (4-bit interface) 205
- Lcd_Init 206
- Lcd_Out_Cp 206
- Lcd_Chr_Cp 207
- LCD Commands 208
- Library Routines 211
- Lcd8_Config 211
- Lcd8_Init 212
- Lcd8_Out 212
- Lcd8_Out_Cp 212
- Lcd8_Chr 213
- Lcd8_Chr_Cp 213
- Lcd8_Cmd 213
- GLCD Library 216
- Glcd_Init 217
- Glcd_Disable 217
- Glcd_Set_Side 217
- Glcd_Set_Page 218
- Glcd_Set_X 218
- Glcd_Read_Data 218
- Glcd_Write_Data 219
- Glcd_Fill 219
- Glcd_Dot 219
- Glcd_Line 220
- Glcd_V_Line 220
- Glcd_H_Line 220
- Glcd_Rectangle 221
- Glcd_Box 221
- Glcd_Circle 222
- Glcd_Set_Font 222
- Glcd_Write_Text 223
- Glcd_Write_Char 223
- Glcd_Partial_Image 224
- Glcd_Image 224
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 227
- 11 1 1 1 227
- Man_Receive_Config 228
- Man_Receive_Init 228
- Man_Receive 228
- Man_Send_Config 229
- Man_Send_Init 229
- Man_Send 229
- Multi Media Card Library 232
- Mmc_Read_Sector 233
- Mmc_Write_Sector 233
- Mmc_Read_Cid 234
- Mmc_Read_Csd 234
- Mmc_Fat_Init 235
- Mmc_Fat_Assign 235
- Mmc_Fat_Reset 236
- Mmc_Fat_Rewrite 236
- Mmc_Fat_Append 236
- Mmc_Fat_Read 237
- Mmc_Fat_Write 237
- Mmc_Set_File_Date 237
- MC33269-3.3 240
- OneWire Library 241
- Ow_Reset 242
- Ow_Write 242
- PS/2 Library 245
- Ps2_Key_Read 246
- PWM Library 248
- Pwm_Change_Duty 249
- Pwm_Start 249
- Pwm_Stop 249
- RS-485 Library 251
- RS485Master_Init 252
- RS485Master_Receive 252
- RS485Master_Send 253
- RS485Slave_Init 253
- RS485Slave_Receive 254
- RS485Slave_Send 254
- Connecting PC and PIC via 256
- RS485 communication line 256
- Secure Digital Library 257
- Sd_Read_Sector 258
- Sd_Write_Sector 258
- Sd_Read_Cid 259
- Sd_Read_Csd 259
- Software I2C Library 262
- Soft_I2C_Start 263
- Soft_I2C_Read 263
- Soft_I2C_Write 264
- Soft_I2C_Stop 264
- Software SPI Library 266
- Soft_Spi_Read 267
- Soft_Spi_Write 267
- Software UART Library 269
- Soft_Uart_Read 270
- Soft_Uart_Write 270
- Sound Library 272
- SPI Library 274
- Spi_Init_Advanced 275
- Spi_Read 276
- Spi_Write 276
- 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8 278
- USART Library 279
- Usart_Data_Ready 280
- Usart_Read 280
- Usart_Write 281
- USB HID Library 283
- Hid_Read 284
- Hid_Write 284
- Hid_Disable 284
- PIC18F4550 287
- Util Library 288
- ANSI C Ctype Library 289
- ANSI C Math Library 293
- ANSI C Stdlib Library 299
- ANSI C String Library 303
- Conversions Library 307
- ShortToStr 308
- WordToStr 308
- IntToStr 308
- LongToStr 309
- FloatToStr 309
- Dec2Bcd16 310
- Bcd2Dec16 310
- Trigonometry Library 311
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